SPHINGOLIPIDS

Whey lipids have been shown to be rich in sphingolipids, and have been shown to suppress colon cancer in animals. The concentration of sphingolipids in milk has been found to be sufficient to inhibit colon cancer cells.

In addition to their anti-cancer function, sphingolipids have also been associated with:

· Control of cell growth

· Immune respone

· Loss of sphingomylin turnover in liver associated with ageing

· Possible protection again bacterial toxins

· Use as therapeutic agents

· Metabolites act as anti-microbial agents

References:

Baumruker, Thomas; Prieschl, Eva. E. (2002) Sphingolipids and the regulation of the immune response Seminars in Immunology Volume: 14(1): 57 - 63.

Cinque, Benedetta; Di Marzio, Luisa; Centi, Carla; Di Rocco, Cristiana; Riccardi, Carlo; Grazia Cifone, M. (2003) Sphingolipids and the immune system Pharmacological Research Volume: 47, Issue: 5, May, 2003. pp. 421-437

Kester, Mark; Kolesnick, Richard (2003) Sphingolipids as therapeutics Pharmacological Research Volume: 47, Issue: 5, May, 2003. pp. 365-371

Merrill AH Jr, Schmelz EM, Wang E, Schroeder JJ, Dillehay DL, Riley RT. Role of dietary sphingolipids and inhibitors of sphingolipid metabolism in cancer and other diseases. J Nutr 1995;125(6 Suppl):1677S-1682S.

Merrill AH Jr, Schmelz EM, Wang E, Dillehay DL, Rice LG, Meredith F, Riley RT. Importance of sphingolipids and inhibitors of sphingolipids metabolism as components of animal diets. J Nutr 1997;127(5 Suppl):830S-833S.

Parodi, P.W. (2002) Milk components with anticancer potential. Proceedings of the Nutrition and Health Conference - Bulletin-of-the-International-Dairy-Federation. 2002, No.375, 97-102

Schmelz EM, Dillehay DL, Webb SK, Reiter A, Adams J, Merrill AH JR. Sphingomyelin consumption suppresses aberrant colonic crypt foci and increases the proportion of adenomas versus adenocarcinomas in CF1 mice treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine: implications for dietary sphingolipids and colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 1996, 56(21):4936-41.

Schmelz EM, Sullards MC, Dillehay DL, Merrill AH Jr. Colonic cell proliferation and aberrant crypt foci formation are inhibited by dairy glycosphingolipids in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated CF1 mice. J Nutr 2000;130(3):522-7.

Sprong, R.C.; Hulstein, M.F.E.; van der Meer, R. (2002) Bovine milk fat components inhibit food-borne pathogens International Dairy Journal Volume: 12, Issue: 2-3, 2002. pp. 209-215.

Vesper-H; Schmelz-EM; Nikolova-Karakashian-MN; Dillehay-DL; Lynch-DV; Merrill-AH Jr (1999) Sphingolipids in food and the emerging importance of sphingolipids to nutrition.Journal-of-Nutrition;129 (7) 1239-1250

.

.